This day in history...

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Religious History
1635 English Puritan Richard Mather, 39, first arrived in Boston. A staunch defender of the congregational form of church government, Mather is remembered today for founding the "dynasty" to which was born his son Increase Mather in 1639, and his grandson Cotton Mather in 1663.
1761 Birth of William Carey, pioneer English missionary to India. He taught at the newly founded Fort William College of Calcutta from 1801 until his death, and helped found the Serampore Press, which made the Bible accessible to over 300 million people.
1775 Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'It is no great matter where we are, provided we see that the Lord has placed us there, and that He is with us.'
1780 Birth of George Croly, Irish churchman and author. During his life he published writings of biographical, historical and religious importance, but is primarily remembered today as author of the hymn, "Spirit of God, Descend Upon My Heart."
1809 In Pennsylvania, Thomas Campbell, 46, and his son Alexander, 20, formed the American Movement for Christian Unity, which later became the Disciples of Christ Church.

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In 1942,during World War II,U.S. Eighth Air Force bombers attacked Rouen,France

In 1943,the Allied conquest of Sicily was completed as U.S. and British forces entered Messina.

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In 1227, Mongol ruler Genghis Khan died.

In 2002,In a tearful,farewell Mass in his beloved Krakow,Pope John Paul II told more than 2 million Poles that he would like to return one day--but that "this is entirely in God's hands."

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On this day...
440 St Sixtus III ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1099 Crusaders beat Saracens in Battle of Ascalon
1263 King James I or Argon censors Hebrew writings
1787 W Herschel discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn
1812 US warship Constitution defeats British warship Guerriere
1826 Canada Co chartered to colonize Upper Canada (Ontario)
1888 1st beauty contest (Spa, Belgium), 18 yr old West Indian wins
1891 William Huggins describes astronomical application of spectrum
1903 Phillies suffer record 9th straight posponed game
1909 1st race at the Indianapolis 500 Speedway
1917 Sunday benefit baseball game at the Polo Grounds results in John McGraw & Christy Mathewson's arrest for violating Blue laws
1934 Helen Hull Jacobs win US Lawn Tennis Association
1934 Plebiscite in Germany approved sole executive power to Adolph Hitler
1942 1,000 Canadian & British soldiers killed raiding Dieppe, France
1942 1st American offensive in Pacific in WW2, Guadalcanal, Solomon Is
1950 ABC begins Saturday morning kid shows (Animal Clinic & Acrobat Ranch)
1951 Bill Veeck (Browns) sends Eddie Gaedel, a 3'7" midget, to pinch-hit
1954 Ralph J Bunche named undersecretary of UN
1955 Hurricane Diane kills 200 & 1st billion $ damage storm (N.E. US)
1957 NY Giants vote to move their franchise to SF in 1958
1958 NAACP Youth Council begin sit-ins at Oklahoma City Lunch counters
1960 Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR (U-2 incident)
1960 Sputnik 5 carries 2 dogs, 3 mice into orbit (later recovered alive)
1962 Homer Blancos plays the finest round in golf, shooting a 55
1965 Cincinatti Red Jim Maloney 2nd no-hitter of year beats Chic Cubs, 1-0
1967 Beatles' "All You Need is Love," single goes #1
1969 Chicago Cub Ken Holtzman no-hits Atlanta Braves, 3-0
1973 Pirate World Music Radio (Holland) closes down after 10 years
1976 Pres Gerald R Ford won Republican pres nomination at KC convention
1978 422 die in an arson fire at a movie theater in Iran
1979 Crew of Soyuz 32 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 34 aft 175 d flight
1980 Saudi Arabian Lockheed Tristar crashes on landing at Riyadh, 301 die
1981 2 US Navy F-14 jet fighters shot down 2 Soviet-built Libyan SU-22
1982 Renaldo Nehemiah of US sets record for 110 m hurdles, 12.93 sec
1982 Soyuz T-7 launched, Svetlana Savtiskaya 2nd woman in space
1983 LSU footballer Billy Cannon sentenced to 5 yrs for counterfeiting
1984 Lee Trevino wins the PGA
1985 Japan launches its 2nd probe of Halley's Comet, Suisei
1988 Iran-Iraq begin a cease-fire in their 8-year-old war (11 PM EDT)
1988 NY Rangers sign ex-Canadien great Guy Lafluer
1989 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, elected 1st non-communmist president of Poland
1990 NY Yankee Kevin Mass is quickest to reach 14 HRs (approx 128 at bat)
1991 Coup in Russia deposes Mikhail Gorbachev

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Deaths which occurred on August 20:
1804 Charles Floyd only fatality of the Lewis & Clark Expedition
1914 Pope Pius X dies
1915 Paul Ehrlich scientist, dies in Hamburg at 61
1940 Leon Trotsky icepicked by Frank Jackson
1961 Vilhjalmur Stefansson Arctic explorer, dies at 82
1982 Ulla Jacobsson Swedish actress, dies in Vienna at 53 of bone cnacer
1985 Harchand Singh Longowai Sikh leader, shot by Sikh extremists
1986 Donn Bennett TV host (The Big Idea), dies at 76
1986 Walter Brooke actor (DA Scanlon-Green Hornet), dies at 71
1991 Lenore Strunsky Gershwin widow of Ira Gershwin, dies at 90

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In 1914,German forces occupied Brussels, Belgium,during World War I.

In 1940,British Prime Minister Winston Churchill paid tribute to the Royal Air Force,saying,"Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

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Deaths which occurred on August 21:
1940 Leon Trotsky dies of wounds inflicted by an assailant the day before
1958 Walter Schumann choral director (Ford Show), dies at 44
1971 George Jackson murdered
1982 Benigno S Aquino Jr Philippines opposition leader, killed in Manila

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Religious History
1245 Alexander of Hales, 59, died. An English scholastic theologian, Alexander is regarded as the founder of the Franciscan school of theology.
1799 Birth of Alexander R. Reinagle, English church organist. He penned many sacred compositions, including ST. PETER, which afterward became the melody to the hymn, "In Christ There is No East or West."
1866 Birth of Civilla D. Martin, teacher and songwriter, in Nova Scotia. A pastor's wife, she penned in 1904 the hymn, "Be Not Dismayed, Whate'er Betide" (a.k.a. "God Will Take Care of You").
1874 Popular 19th century preacher Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) was accused by Theodore Tilton of committing adultery with his wife. The resulting trial ended in a 9-3 hung jury decision, in Beecher's favor.
1930 Pioneer linguistic educator Frank C. Laubach wrote in a letter: 'If this entire universe has a desperate need of love to incarnate itself, then "important duties" which keep us from helping little people are not duties but sins.'

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In 1911,Leonardo Da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" was stolen from the Louvre Museum. (The painting turned up two years later,in Italy.)

In 1940,exiled Communist revoltionary Leon Trotsky died in Mexico City from wounds inflicted by an assassin.

In 1991, the hard-line coup against Soviet President Milhail S. Gorbachev collapsed in the face of a popular uprising led by Russian federation President Boris N. Yeltsin.

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In 1485, England's King Richard III was killed in the Battle of Bosworth Field,ending the War of the Roses.

In 1904,Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping was born in Sichuan province.

In 1910, Japan annexed Korea,which remained under Japanese colonial rule until 1945.

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Religious History
1572 In France, late this night, Catholic conspirators began massacring thousands of Huguenots (French Protestants), under orders of Catherine de Medici, advisor to her son, Charles IX, King of France.
1823 Karl F. A. GÀGÀtzlaff, 20, first arrived in Bangkok the first missionary ever to reach Thailand. Representing the Netherlands Missionary Society, GÀGÀtzlaff and his wife later translated the complete Bible into Siamese, and portions of it into the Lao and Cambodian languages.
1882 Death of Charles W. Fry, 45, English Salvation Army worker. It was Fry who penned the words to the lyric hymn, "I Have Found a Friend in Jesus" (a.k.a. "Lily of the Valley").
1948 During its Amsterdam Assembly (Aug 22 Sept 4), the newly-formed World Council of Churches officially ratified its Constitution.
1952 Death of Frederick George Kenyon, 89, British archaeologist and language scholar. Kenyon devoted his life to discovering biblical parallels in ancient Greek papyri, convincing critics that science does not disprove the Bible.

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In 1754, France's King Louis the XVI was born at Versailles.

In 1775,Britain's King George III proclaimed the American colonies in a state of "open and avowed rebellion."

In 1914,Japan declared war against Germany in World War I.

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Religious History
0410 The Visigoths sacked Rome, disillusioning Christians who were trusting in God's protection of this ecclesiastical center of early Christianity. St. Augustine (354©430) later tacked this religious problem in his monumental work, "City of God" (ca.413ª27).
1456 In Mainz, Germany, volume two of the famed Gutenberg Bible was bound, completing a two-year publishing project, and making it the first full-length book to be printed using movable type.
1572 The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre took place all across France, where thousands of French Protestants (Huguenots) were slaughtered. depleted the intellectual, educational and financial reserves of the French nation.
1854 The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa was organized by German Lutherans. In 1930 this synod merged with the synods of Ohio and Buffalo to form the American Lutheran Church.
1906 Five Baptist congregations met at Jellico Creek, Whitley County, Kentucky, and formed the Church of God of the Mountain Assembly. The CGMA both pentecostal and holiness in doctrine reports a world membership today of 7,000.

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In 1825,Uruguay declared independence from Brazil.

In 1875, Capt. Matthew Webb became the first person to swim across the English Channel,getting from Dover,England,to Calais,France,in 22 hours.

In 2002,China set Nov. 8 as the date for its long-awaited Communist Party national congress.

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On this day...
55 -BC- Roman forces under Julius C‘sar invade Britain
1346 English longbows defeat French in Battle of Cr‚cy
1629 Cambridge Agreement, Mass Bay Co stockholders agree to emigrate
1791 John Fitch grants US patent for his working steamboat
1846 W A Bartlett appointed 1st US mayor of Yerba Buena (SF)
1874 16 blacks lynched in Tennessee
1883 Krakatoa erupts with increasingly large explosions kills 36,000
1903 Phillies walk 17 Dodgers in a game
1907 Houdini escapes from chains underwater at Aquatic Park in 57 sec
1914 Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg
1916 Phila A's Bullet Joe Bush no-hits Cleve, 5-0
1916 Yanks turn triple-play beating Browns 10-6
1920 19th amendment passes-women's suffrage granted (about time!)
1937 Pumping to build Treasure Island in SF Bay is finished
1938 Montreal Maroons dropped from the NHL
1939 1st major league baseball telecast-Reds at Bkln Dodgers (W2XBS NY)
1942 7,000 Jews rounded up in Vichy Free Zone of France
1947 1st black baseball pitcher Don Bankhead (Hit a HR on 1st at bat)
1952 Fluoridation of SF water begins
1955 1st color telecast (NBC) of a tennis match (Davis Cup)
1957 USSR announces successful test of intercontinental ballistic missile
1961 Official Intl Hockey Hall of Fame opens in Toronto
1962 Minn Twins Jack Kralick no-hits KC A's, 1-0
1964 LBJ nominated at Democratic convention in Atlantic City, NJ
1971 NY Giant football team announces its leaving the Bronx for NJ in 1975
1971 Orioles' Don Buford struck out 5 times in a game
1972 NY Cosmos beat St Louis Stars, 2-1 to win the NASL championship
1972 Summer Olympics open in Munich, West Germany
1973 David Eisenhower last sports column
1973 U of Tx (Arlington) is 1st accredited school to offer belly dancing
1973 10-year-old Mary Boitano is 1st woman to win 6.8-mile Dipsea Race in Marin County, CA, beating a field of 1,500 runners
1974 Soyuz 15 carries 2 cosmonauts to space station Salyut 3
1978 Cardinal Albino Luciani of Venice becomes Pope John Paul I
1978 Soyuz 31 carries 2 cosmonauts (1 East German) to Salyut 6
1981 Space Shuttle vehicle moves to Launch Complex 39A for STS-2 mission
1982 NASA launches Telesat-F
1984 Tatyana Kazankina of USSR sets 3k woman record (8:22.62) in Lennigrad
1984 Zdena Silvaha (Cz) throws discus 74.55 m (women's world record)
1985 Balt Oriole Eddie Murray knocks in 9 RBIs in a game vs Calif Angels
1989 Trumbull Conn, is 1st US team since 1983 to win Little League WS
1990 2 slain college students found in Gainesville Florida
1991 Royal Brett Saberegen no-hits White Sox 7-0

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In 1770, German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was born in Stuttgart.

In 1928, the Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed in Paris,outlawing war and providing for the peasceful settlement of disputes.

In 1967,Brian Epstein, manager of the Beatles,was found dead in his London flat from an overdose of sleeping pills;he was 32.

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In 1947,legendary bullfighter Manolete was mortally wounded by a bull during a fight in Linares,Spain;he was 30.

In 1973, more than 600 people died as an earthquake shook central Mexico.

In 1988,70 people were killed when three Italian stunt planes collided during an air show at the U.S. Air Base in Ramstein,West Germany.

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In 1533,the last Incan King of Peru Atahualpa,was murdered on orders of Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro.

In 1632,English philosopher John Locke was born in Somerset.

In 1943,responding to a clampdown by Nazi occupiers,Denmark managed to scuttle most of its navel ships.

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On this day...
31 -BC- Origin of Era of Augustus
257 St Sixtus II begins his reign as Catholic Pope
1645 Dutch & Indians sign peace treaty
1843 1st black participation in natl political convention (Liberty Party)
1850 Honolulu, Hawaii becomes a city
1854 John Fremont issues proclamation freeing slaves of Missouri rebels
1862 Battle of 2nd Manassas-Pope defeated by Lee-Battle of Richmond, KY
1862 Battle of Altamont-Confederates beat Union forces in Tennessee
1885 13,000 meteors seen in 1 hour near Andromeda
1888 Lord Walsingham kills 1070 grouse in a single day
1905 Ty Cobb's 1st major league at bat (Detroit Tigers)
1906 Hal Chase became 1st Yank to hit 3 triples in a game
1910 Yank Tom Hughes pitches 9 no-hit innings but loses to Cleve 5-0 in 11
1912 St Louis Brown Earl Hamilton no-hits Detroit Tigers, 5-1
1913 Phillies lead Giants 8-6 in top of 9th, fans in bleachers try to distract Giants, Umpire forefeits game to Giants, later overruled
1916 Boston's Dutch Leonard no-hits St Louis Browns, 4-0
1916 Paul Von Hindenburg becomes chief-of-General-Staff in Germany
1939 NY Yankee Atley Donald pitches a baseball a record 94.7 mph (152 kph)
1941 Siege of Leningrad by Nazi troops began during WW II
1941 St Louis Card Lon Warneke no-hits Cin Reds, 2-0
1944 Soviet troops enter Bucharest Romania
1945 Hong Kong liberated from Japan
1956 White mob prevents enrollment of blacks at Mansfield HS, Texas
1961 1st Negro judge of a US District Court confirmed-JB Parsons
1961 Oriole Jack Fisher walks 12 LA Angels in a 9 inning game
1963 Hot Line communications link between Wash DC & Moscow went begins
1965 Casey Stengel announces his retirement after 55 years in baseball
1965 Section of Allalin glacier wipes out construction site at Mattmark Dam near Saas-Fee, Switzerland
1967 US Senate confirm Thurgood Marshall as 1st black justice
1968 1st record under Apple label (Beatle's Hey Jude)
1969 120,000 attend Texas Intl Pop Festival
1969 25,000 attend 2nd Annual Sky River Rock Festival, Tenino Wash
1969 Racial disturbances in Fort Lauderdale Florida
1974 Express train runs full speed into Zagreb, Yugo rail yard killing 153
1975 KTW-AM in Seattle Wash changes call letters to KYAC (now KKFX)
1976 Tom Brokaw becomes news anchor of the Today Show
1979 1st recorded occurrence-comet hits sun (energy=1 mil hydrogen bombs)
1979 Pres Carter attacked by a rabbit on a canoe trip in Plains Ga
1983 8th Space Shuttle Mission-Challenger 3-launched (6 days)
1984 12th Space Shuttle Mission (41-D)-Discovery 1-launched (6 days)
1986 Soviet authorities arrested Nicholas Daniloff (US News World Report)
1987 Ben Johnson of Canada runs 100 m in world record 9.83 sec
1987 Stefka Kostadinova of Bulgaria sets high jump women's record (6'10¬")
1987 Yves Pol of France runs complete marathon backwards (3:57:57)
1988 Julianne Philips files for divorce from Bruce Springsteen
1988 Tennis star Chris Everett weds skier Andy Mills
1989 Roman Polanski marries actress Emmanuelle Seigner
1990 Ken Griffey & Ken Griffey Jr become 1st father & son to play on the same team (Seattle Mariners), both single in the 1st inning
1991 Dan O'Brien sets US decathalon record with 8,812 points
1991 France beats US by narrowest Ryder Cup margin - 14« to 13«
1991 Mike Powell of the US, sets then long jump record at 29' 4«"

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In 1797, the creator of "Frankenstein," Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,was born in london.

In 1991,Azerbaijian declared its independence ,joining the stampede of republics seeking to secede from the Soviet Union.

In 2002,Movie director J.Lee Thompson (" The Guns of Navorone") died in Sooke,British Columbia,at age 88.