This day in history...

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Religious History
1688 Death of English Puritan clergyman and writer John Bunyan, 69. Imprisoned several times between 1660 and 1672, Bunyan used these periods of isolation to pen his two literary masterpieces, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666) and Pilgrim's Progress (1678).
1757 Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'I am persuaded that love and humility are the highest attainments in the school of Christ and the brightest evidences that He is indeed our Master.'
1824 Birth of Anna B. Warner, American hymnwriter. She never married, but lived with her sister Susan in New York state. In 1860, a novel they co-authored contained a poem which became one of the most beloved of all children's hymns: I Know.'
1861 Birth of Jesse Brown Pounds, American hymnwriter. During her lifetime she published nine books, 50 cantatas and over 400 religious song texts. Three of her hymns remain popular today: "Anywhere With Jesus," "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth" and "The Way of the Cross Leads Home."
1870 Birth of Maria Montessori, Italian educator. She developed a theory of teaching which emphasized a reinforcement of initiative, and a freedom of movement for the child. Her theory of elementary education has since been named, appropriately, the "Montessori Method."

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In 1888, Mary Ann Nichols was found murdered in London's East End in what is generally regarded as the fist slaying committed by "Jack the Ripper."

In 1957, the Federation of Malaya became independent of British colonial rule.

In 1962,the Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago became independent of British colonial rule.

In 1980,Poland's Solidarity labor movement was born with an agreement signed in Gdansk that ended a 17-day-old strike.

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Religious History
1558 Dutch Anabaptist reformer Menno Simons, 62, confessed in a letter: 'There is nothing upon earth my heart loves more than it does the church.'
1646 The Cambridge Synod of Congregational Churches convened in Mass. It formulated the 'Cambridge Platform,' outlining the proper polity (religious government) to be followed by the New England Congregational churches.
1803 In Boston, the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) was instituted. It was the first tract society established in North America.
1836 A wagon train of Presbyterian missionaries, led by pioneer missionary Dr. Marcus Whitman, reached the site of modern Walla Walla, WA. Whitman's wife Narcissa became the first white woman to cross the North American continent.
1985 The HQ of Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry moved to its present location in Bellmawr, NJ. Founded in 1938 by Victor Buksbazen, F.I.G.M. works through evangelism and Bible distribution.

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Deaths which occurred on September 02:
1547 Hernan Cortes Spanish general defeated Aztec Indians
1937 Baron Pierre de Coubertin revivor of Olympics, dies at 74
1970 Allan Walker actor/writer (Red Buttons Show), dies at 64
1982 Jay Novello actor, dies of cancer at 78
1982 Tom Baker actor, dies of a drug overdose at 42

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Religious History
590 St. Gregory the Great was consecrated the 64th Catholic pope, ruling 14 years. Gregory's administration took responsibility for converting the Anglo-Saxon tribes in England, chiefly through the work of St. Augustine of Canterbury.
1752 This date became September 14th, when Great Britain (including Scotland, Ireland, Wales and the American colonies) officially implemented the Gregorian Calendar (developed by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 to replace the Julian calendar).
1776 Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'The love I bear Christ is but a faint and feeble spark, but it is an emanation from himself: He kindled it and he keeps it alive; and because it is his work, I trust many waters shall not quench it.'
1934 In London, Evangeline Cory Booth, 69, the seventh child of founder William Booth (1829-1912), became the fourth elected commander and the first woman general of the Salvation Army.
1946 Founder Sidney N. Correll established United World Mission. This interdenominational agency focuses on evangelism, church planting and Christian education in 13 world countries.

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In 1189,England's King Richard I (the Lionhearted) was crowned in Westminster.

In 1658,Oliver Cromwell,Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth died.

In 1939,Britain,France,Australia and New Zealand declared war on Germany,two days after the Nazi invasion of Poland.

In 1943,the British 8th Army invaded Italy during World War II,the same day Italy signed a secret armistice with the Allies.

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Birthdates which occurred on September 04:
1736 Robert Raikes England, Sunday school pioneer
1768 Fran‡ois Ren‚ de Chateaubriand France, poet/novelist/statesman
1802 Marcus Whitman missionary, led to US securing Oregon
1803 Sarah Childress Polk 1st lady
1810 Donald McKay US naval architect, built fastest clipper ships
1824 Anton Bruckner Austria, Wagner disciple & monumental bore
1824 Phoebe Cary Cincinnati, American poet (Poems of Alice & Phoebe Cary)

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In 1893,English author Beatrix Potter first told the story of Peter Rabbit in the form of a "picture letter" to Noel Moore,the son of Potter's former governess.

In 1907,100 years ago composer Edvard Grieg died in Bergen,Norway,at age 64.

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On this day...
1774 1st Continental Congress assembles, in Philadelphia
1781 Battle of Virginia Capes, French defeat British, traps Cornwallis
1795 US-Algiers sign peace treaty
1836 Sam Houston elected president of the Republic of Texas
1862 Lee crosses the Potomac & enters Maryland
1877 Southern blacks led by Pap Singleton settle in Kansas
1882 10,000 workers march in 1st Labor Day parade in NYC
1885 1st gasoline pump is delivered to a gasoline dealer (Ft Wayne, Ind)
1900 France proclaims a protectorate over Chad
1901 National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues formed
1905 Treaty of Portsmouth USA, ends Russo-Japanese War
1906 1st legal forward pass (Brandbury Robinson to Jack Schneider)
1908 Dodger Nap Rucker no-hits Boston Braves, 6-0
1913 Phillies & Braves tie record of only 1 run in a double header, Phillies win 1st game 1-0, then a scoreless tie into 10th

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In 1793,the Reign of Terror began during the French Revolution as the National Convention instituted harsh measures to repress counter-revolutionary activities.

In 1914, the first Battle of the Marne, resulting in a French-British victory over Germany,began during World War I.

In 1972, Arab guerrillas attacked the Israeli delegation at the Munich Olympic games,11 Israelis,five guerrillas and a police officer were killed in the siege.

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Deaths which occurred on September 06:
1701 James II king of England (1685-88), dies at 68
1901 Pres William McKinley assassinated by Leon Czologosz in Buffalo, NY
1939 Arthur Racham artist, dies at 71
1959 Kay Kendall British actress, dies at 32
1960 Jimmy Savo comedian (Through the Crystal Ball), dies at 65
1963 Margarita Sierra actress, dies at 26 after heart surgery
1966 Dr Verwoerd South African PM, assassinated in assembly
1974 Otto Kruger actor (Lux Video Theater), dies on 89th birthday
1984 E.J. Andre actor (Eugene Bullock-Dallas), dies at 74
1984 Ernest Tubb singer (Grand Ole Opry), dies at 70
1985 Jane Frazee singer/actress (Alice-Beulah), dies at 67 of pneumonia
1985 Johnny Desmond singer (Your Hit Parade), dies of cancer at 65

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In 1757, 250 years ago,the Marquis de Lafayette,the French hero of the American Revolution,was born in Auvergne,France.

In 1939,the Union of South Africa declared war on Germany.

In 1941,Jews over the age of six in German-occupied areas were ordered to wear yellow Stars of David.

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In 1807, Denmark surrendered to British forces that had bombarded the city of Copenhagan for four days.

In 1940,Nazi Germany began its initial blitz on London during World War II

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Religious History
70 Following a six-month siege, Jerusalem surrendered to the 60,000 troops of Titus' Roman army. Over a million Jewish citizens perished in the siege and, following the city's capture, another 97,000 were sold into slavery.
1565 The parish of St. Augustine, Florida, was founded by Father Don Martin Francisco Lopez de Mendozo Grajales, chaplain to the conquering Spanish forces. It became the first and oldest Roman Catholic parish established in America.
1636 Harvard College (later University) was founded by the Massachusetts Puritans at New Towne. It was the first institution of higher learning established in North America, and was originally founded to train future ministers.
1845 Oxford Movement leader, John Henry Newman, 44, resigned from the Church of England -- convinced that it had severed itself from its ancient episcopal moorings and true apostolic succession -- and became a Roman Catholic.
1928 Pius XI issued the encyclical "Rerum Orientalium," promoting study of the history, doctrine and liturgy of Eastern Orthodoxy. He recommended that priests apply themselves to special studies at the Oriental Institute in Rome, founded in 1917 by Benedict XV.

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Deaths which occurred on September 09:
1087 William I The Conqueror, King of England, & Duke of Normandy, dies
1817 Paul Cuffe entrepreneur/ civil rights activist, dies at 58
1962 Pat Rooney vaudevillian, dies at 82
1971 Billy Gilbert (Great Dictator, His Gal Friday), dies at 76
1975 John McGiver actor (Patty Duke Show, Jimmy Stewart Show), dies at 61
1976 Mao Tse-Tung Chinese communist party chairman (1949-76), dies at 82
1990 Samuel K Doe Liberian president, killed by rebels

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Religious History
1224 The Franciscans (founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi) first arrived in England. They were originally called "Grey Friars" because of their gray habits. (The habit worn by modern Franciscans is brown.)
1718 The Collegiate School at New Haven, CT, changed its name to Yale. (Congregationalists, unhappy with an increasing religious liberalism at Harvard, had founded Yale, the third oldest college in America, in 1701.)
1734 English revivalist George Whitefield wrote in a letter: 'Pain, if patiently endured, and sanctified to us, is a great purifier of our corrupted nature.'
1794 Blount College -- the first American nondenominational institution of higher learning -- was established in Knoxville. (It later became the University of Tennessee.)
1819 Birth of Canadian hymnwriter Joseph Scriven. The accidental drowning of his bride-to-be the night before their wedding led to a life of depression; yet he also authored the hymn of comfort, "What a Friend We Have in Jesus."

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In 1939,Canada declared war on Nazi Germany.

In 1945,Vidkun Quisling was sentenced to death in Norway for collaboratig with the Nazis (he was executed by firing squard in october 1945).

In 1977,convicted murderer Hamida Djahdoubi, a Tunisian immigrant,became the last person to date to be executed by the guillotine in France

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Deaths which occurred on September 11:
1712 GD Cassini French astronomer, dies
1948 Quaid-i-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah dies
1959 Paul Douglas actor (Adventure Theater), dies at 52
1966 Charlie Cantor actor (Artie-Ray Bolger Show), dies at 68
1970 Chester Morris actor (Diagnosis: Unknown), dies at 69
1971 Nikita Khrushchev dies of a heart attack at 77
1971 Percy Helton actor (Homer-Beverly Hillbillies), dies at 77
1981 Frank McHugh actor (Dawn Patrol, Going My Way), dies at 83
1987 Lorne Greene actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), dies at 72
1988 George Alpert railroad executive, dies at 90
1988 Luis W Alvarez physicist (Nobel-1968), dies at 77
1988 Peter Tosh reggae singer shot dead at 43 in Jamacia

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In 1971, former Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev died at age 77.

In 1972,the troubled Munich Summer Olympics ended.

In 1973, Chilean President Salvador Allende died in a violent military coup.

In 1989,the exodus of East Germany refugees from Hungary to West Germany by way of Austria began.

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Birthdates which occurred on September 12:
1720 Frederick Philipse III NYC, land owner (Bronx, Westchester & Putnam)
1788 Alexander Campbell founded Disciples of Christ
1818 Richard Jordan Gatling US, inventor (hand-cranked machine gun)
1829 Charles Dudley Warner Mass, newspaperman/author (Being a Boy)
1852 HH Asquith (L) British PM (1908-16)
1871 Prince Friedrich of Liechtenstein, Romania
1880 Henry L Mencken Baltimore, Md, newspaperman/critic (Prejudices)
1888 Maurice Chevalier Paris, thanked heaven for little girls (Gigi)
1892 Alfred A Knopf US, publisher (1966 Alexander Hamilton Medal)
1894 Billy Gilbert Louisville Ky, (Great Dictator, His Gal Friday)
1898 Ben Shahn painter (1964 Arts & Letters)
19-- Bruce Mahler NYC, comedian (Fridays)
19-- Gianna Maria Canale Italy, actress (Go For Broke, Sword & Cross)
19-- Jeff McCracken Chicago Ill, actor (Bay City Blues, Hawaiian Heat)
1901 Ben Blue Montreal, actor (Accidental Family, Frank Sinatra Show)